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A DC submersible pump sits below the water line. Solar panels or batteries feed direct current to its sealed motor. The motor turns a screw or centrifugal impeller, forcing water up through the riser pipe. Built-in electronics watch voltage, flow, and temperature to start, stop, and protect against dry running. All parts remain underwater, so priming is unnecessary for operation.

The constant supply is cut into timed pulses by an inverter inside the watertight housing that spins a permanent-magnet rotor. Keying The rotor is connected to the impeller shaft, causing a drop of water to be lifted up with each electrical cycle and the liquid surrounding the heat to be removed, and the seal to be lubricated.

A built-in controller often includes maximum-power-point tracking. That circuit lets the pump start early, match the solar curve, and keep running under light cloud. If the well level falls, motor current rises; the controller reacts and stops the unit, protecting bearings and windings. A check valve in the discharge pipe stops backflow and holds the column ready for the next start.

Routine service matters. Clean intake screens, check cables and clamp hoses. Proper wire size and fuses reduce voltage drop and nuisance trips. Follow the manual for torque limits and storage tips during daily checks.